Engineering managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engineering managment - Essay Example In the first office, the manager seems to be very casual with the employees. She has been running her office informally and she seems to be a populist and she does not like falling apart with her team members. She seems like she has no clearly defined objectives. She also does not like keeping records, especially those of the appraisal. Her rewarding system is based on gut instincts instead of facts. Everybody seems to love the manager. On the other hand, the second office is a complete contrast of the first. The manager is reserved (Sachs and Falcone 45). He is focused so much on the appraisal which is already predetermined defined. He seems to be more of the employees’ flaws and shortcomings. He seems like he rewards the employees depending on their performance and the context, though he appreciates all his team members. There is a need to develop appraisal guidelines to ensure that the appraisal is effective. Firstly, I would ensure that I design a performance standard form that is standard. This would specify the performance dimensions that would be evaluated (Grote 63). Some of these dimensions include job descriptions, and goals among others. I would also ensure I have formulated behavioral checklist would focus on an individual’s performance rather than comparisons. Secondly, there is need to have a performance review after every six months. This would ensure that the employees are reminded about their performance. Thirdly, there is a need to ensure that employees are given their chance to suggest updates to their job description as well as giving a written input on the appraisal. Fourthly, there is need for managers to document their inputs; they should avoid acting like Amanda. In addition, the rewarding system should be defined. It is also good to ensure that the managers are always a ssertive. They should now focus so much on the

Counseling Session Essay Example for Free

Counseling Session Essay Counseling can facilitate the process of overcoming or working through personal issues from everyday hardship as well as potentially life threatening situations. This reflective paper will explore the three 50 minute counseling sessions that I attended with a professional counselor and therapist, named Cassy Johnson-Hodge. By attending these counseling session and reflecting on Ms. Johnson-Hodges counseling process I have begun to understand the specific skills a counselor may use in session to help clients. Counseling requires the counselors to reach sensitively into their clients world and help them become aware of their strengths and hidden beauty (Michael S. Nystul, p 49). . The invaluable skills of open-ended questioning, paraphrasing, and reflection the counselor used had previously seemed insignificant to me, when it reality it can determine the difference between a helpful or a non helpful session. I was unsure of what to expect, prior to our first session as I have never received any professional counseling. I was nervous and anxious on the way to the session as I was unsure of where to start or how in depth the session would be. I had planned what I was going to say during the session, but I was still not feeling confident about it. I analyzed in my head what personal issues I could discuss as a student trying to learn the counseling processes, of course this was all based on my assumptions of what the counselor would ask. My nervousness and anxiety were immediately put to rest when I walked in the room where Cassy Johnson-Hodge gave me a warm welcome. Our first session began with an introduction, and I quickly explained to her that Im a student, and Im not sure what Im supposed to be at this point. Ms. Johnson-Hodges response to me was so caring and understanding, that I immediately felt comfortable enough with her to start having, what I would consider, a normal conversation. I still felt a little nervous , but I knew  she was providing me a safe judgment free environment to talk. Ms. Johnson-Hodge kept the conversation going for the duration of the session by affirming how I felt about my personal life goals, I also felt like she really understood what I was talking about, which inadvertently encouraged me to keep talking. By the end of the first session I was really amazed at how much I had talked. I really started to feel the counselor-client relationship developing when she helped me map our sessions. The style and technique, the counselor used throughout our sessions provided an appropriate solution for me and satisfy the goal we both agree to work on. I felt like Ms. Johnson-Hodge listened to what I was saying and directed the conversation in a positive way by asking open-ended questions to facilitate our conversation, paraphrasing what I was saying, and allowing me to reflect on what I had said. There were also other times when the counselor would reflect through silence. During such a period, I had noticed Ms. Johnson-Hodge study me and the information that I had given to her. At the end of the session, the counselor allowed me to ask her about how I feel by summarizing what I said to her. I think Ms. Johnson-Hodge did really good job as a result of pulling together a number of elements that I had offered her and reflected back was helping me to explore more. Works Cited Nystul, M. S. (2011). Introduction To Counseling. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Into the Wild: Searching :: Into the Wild Essays

Into the Wild:   Searching  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Chris McCandless, the main character of Into the Wild, is searching for his true self.   His numerous tests of both his physical and mental abilities are proof of his determination.   He felt affected in his families presence so went on a road trip.   He was criticized by many for this, but who could stop him from discovering who he is.   It is clear from the novel that Chris’ relationship with his parents is not good.   He refuses gifts from them and then disappears.   He had instructed his family that he was not interested in giving or receiving gifts.   When his father offered to buy him a new car he became enraged.   He had a car and couldn’t understand why his father would buy him a new one.   Chris took the money that his family had left him for college and donated it to Oxfam which gives food to the hungry.   This is ironic because Chris eventually died from starvation.   Many people criticize McCandless for not keeping in touch with his par ents and family.   Chris was 22 years old.   He did not have to tell his parents anything.   He was doing what he wanted, not what other people wanted him to do and he was happy.   They call him selfish for disregarding his parents’ feelings.   McCandless was living his life for himself.   He wanted to be happy and it happened to upset his parents.   Wanting your own happiness is not selfish it is your right.   I don’t think that McCandless was trying to upset his family, he was just trying to make himself happy by doing what he wanted to do. One of the reasons that I believe McCandless did not keep in contact with his parents while he kept in touch with those he met along the way is because he was afraid of disapproval.   His parents had never been to find of his â€Å"adventures† so he didn’t want to hear them voice their disapproval.   The people he met along the way may not have approved of his travels but they weren’t going to tell him not to do it.   McCandless needed these people.   He needed approval, because in his mind that gave him the ok to go ahead.

Cyber Addicts :: essays papers

Cyber Addicts The Longest River: Denial A hallmark of someone who is engaging in this addiction pattern, but who has not accepted that their behavior is out of their control, is denial. Denial is a psychological defense mechanism that enables a person to continue to engage in a behavior in spite of relatively obvious negative consequences on their life. It’s a way to protect ourselves from seeing or feeling things that are unpleasant. In the case of the gambling addict, there may be repeated warnings from his or her spouse that they will not tolerate continued spending of household savings, job loss, and constant harassment by creditors. In light of this, the gambling addict will still deny that they have a problem with gambling and will believe that they have complete control over their actions. Denial permits one to distort reality, a very powerful psychological defense; it can have devastating consequences on our life, and the ability to disregard such negative consequences while continuing the behavior is a hallmark of denial. Denial is present, to some extent or another, in all addictions. It’s necessary, in the development of an addictive process, to experience a sense of denial while the addiction is beginning to take hold. Otherwise we would not continue with the addictive behaviors. Because of denial, the impact of our negative behavior is never fully appreciated until the consequences become so overwhelming that they can no longer be ignored. This is sometimes referred to as "hitting bottom." People may continue their behavior indefinitely, with no recognition of the negative consequences of their actions, in spite of numerous personal disasters. Often an individual will not seek help for a specific problem, unless they’ve recognized that they are no longer in control of the situation and need help. This usually happens at a point when the negative impact of their addiction has become grossly obvious and their denial is broken. It is a process that cannot be rushed . Each person has to discover their own time frame for how and when to deal with their addiction. This, of course, can be very frustrating for family and friends of the addict, who often notice the problem long before the addict does. Negative consequences of Internet use vary considerably. I have been consulted on Internet cases where employees have been caught using their work computer for personal Internet access (in some cases wasting considerable company time and/or downloading sexually related material onto their computer).

Lincoln’s Goals of Emancipation and Preservation of the Union

Abraham Lincoln’s experience as a lawyer in Illinois and a member of congress for a short time could not have fully prepared him for the challenges of his presidency. His main obstacle was the disunity of the nation, and his main goal during his presidency was to reunite the country. In his own words â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand†. He also faced the challenge of slavery, which was a problem that had plagued America since its early days, and a major cause in starting the civil war.Lincoln believed that slavery should be abolished, more importantly though he believed in the preservation of the union, and in the end he issued the emancipation proclamation in order to preserve the union. As a person, Lincoln held the ideal of slavery to be wrong, and morally believed that slaves should be freed. He believed in the equality of all men. In an address to congress Lincoln said â€Å"the United States ought to cooperate with any state which may adopt gradual abolishment of slavery, giving to such state pecuniary aid† (Document A).This shows that he supported the abolition of slavery and was willing to support any other nation which was to do it. Lincoln also said in the Gettysburg address: â€Å"our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal† and he resolved that â€Å"that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth†. He believed in the ideals of America very strongly, including the idea that all men are created equal.Lincoln wanted to free the slaves, since he did not think it was right that they were enslaved. In addition to that Lincoln adamantly wanted to preserve the union, and so he took special wartime actions for that purpose. During the war, it was likely that the border states might have seceded from the union. To prevent this in Kentucky Lincoln instituted martia l law to keep control. In Maryland he had all the pro-secession members of the state congress arrested.These drastic actions showed how serious he was about preserving the union. Lincoln also suspended the writ of habeas corpus – the legal protection requiring a court to determine if a person is lawfully arrested. Under this suspension, over 13,000 anti-union Americans were arrested. These included legislators and newspaper editors among others. These arrests were enacted in order to silence anti-union voices, and the fact that this took place showed how concerned Lincoln was with preserving the union.Ultimately, Lincoln’s emancipation proclamation was issued as a way to help preserve the country, because of the advantages it gave the union in the war. It was more important to him to save the union than free the slaves, as he once said â€Å"If I could save the union without freeing any slave I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would so it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it†.Lincoln also said that â€Å"emancipation would help us in Europe, and convince them that we are incited by something more than ambition. †(Document B). Indeed, once the emancipation proclamation was issued it ended any possibility that European nations would aid the confederacy in the war. This was a strategic move on Lincoln’s part, to mitigate the support that the confederates received, in order to win the war and preserve the union. The emancipation proclamation was also strategic because of the effects that it had on the black people of the south.Freed blacks were encouraged to join the US army with promotional posters such as that in Document D. Lincoln knew that this would help in the war by adding to their ranks. Furthermore the southerners experienced a labour shortage, because their slaves considered themselves free, and left work undone which was left to be done by the white people of the South. The Emancipation proclamation truly was a brilliant strategic move on the part of Lincoln, engineered for the purpose of keeping the United States intact.Although he believed that slavery was wrong , Lincoln was more concerned with preserving the union, and his actions in freeing the slaves through the emancipation proclamation were done to meet the latter goal. Lincoln knew that slavery was one of the root causes of the war, and it was always an impending issue throughout the war. At the end of the day though, the slaves were freed in order to bring greater unity to the country. His actions ended up bringing increased freedom to black Americans, saved the country’s unity, and have forever defined him as one of the greatest presidents in American history.

Is the New SAT Easier 6 Helpful Changes to Know

Is the New SAT Easier 6 Helpful Changes to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Change is scary, and the SAT was already kind of scary in the first place, so you might be feeling apprehensive about the new test. Good news: It's possible that the new SAT will be easier for some (or even most!) students. In this article, I'll go through some predictions about which aspects of the new SAT have the potential to make it a less challenging test and which types of students are most likely to benefit. Overview of Changes for the New SAT First, I’ll just do a quick summary of the changes you can expect on the test in general. It's helpful to have some background information before I give you my predictions. You can also read this article for a more substantive description! Changes to Overall Format: The new SAT is out of 1600 points rather than 2400. The Reading and Writing sections will be compressed into one section worth 800 points (Math will still have its own section). There will be four answer choices for each question instead of five. The test will have just four large sections (Reading, Writing, Math with no calculator, and Math with a calculator) plus the essay. Changes to Reading: There will be no more sentence completion questions (all questions are passage-based). Some questions will ask you to identify textual evidence for your answers to previous questions. Data interpretation questions that ask you to read charts and graphs will show up alongside some passages. Passages will always be in the same topic order (one passage dealing with US and World Literature, two passages dealing with History and Social Studies, and two passages dealing with Science). Changes to Writing ("Writing and Language" on the New Test): All questions will be based on longer passages rather than isolated sentences. Writing style will be more important (structuring paragraphs and making logical reasoning flow appropriately). Some data interpretation questions will show up here as well. Changes to the Essay: It's gonna be optional! You'll have 50 minutes instead of 25. You will need to analyze an argument that you read in a passage rather than writing your own opinion-based response to a prompt. Your essay score won’t impact your Reading and Writing score. Changes to Math: There will be basic trigonometry on the test. Some problems will have more than one part. Questions will deal with real-world scenarios more frequently and have less tricky wording. There is a no-calculator section. Why Might the New SAT Be Easier? Here are a few reasons why the test might be easier, based on the changes I outlined in the previous section. You Won’t Have to Jump Back and Forth Between Subjects One of the struggles that a lot of people had with the old SAT was that it required you to switch test-taking mentalities constantly through ten short sections.It was impossible to know ahead of time how the sections would be ordered.You might encounter a Math section, a Reading section, and then another Math section, which was disorienting to students who are better at focusing on a single subject for a longer period of time.With the longer sections on the new SAT that occur in the same order on every test, you’ll know exactly what to expect, and you'll get everything over with at once for each subject (similar to the ACT). You Won’t Need to Know Obscure Vocabulary Words Sentence completion questions, the bane of many a student's existence, are no more on the new test.Vocabulary will be tested in context rather than in isolation.You’ll still be asked what words mean, but they will be embedded in passages, so there will be more context clues to help you determine their meanings.These will be challenging but commonly used words, which have more practical value to most students than many of the words that were tested on the old SAT. You'll Be Able to Plan Better for the Reading Section As I mentioned, the passages in the Reading section are now predictable in their basic subject matter.This means that you can come up with a strategy for which passages to read first before you even see the test.You can decide to skip straight to the science passages if you think they’ll be easiest for you. (I’d recommend starting with your strongest subject.) Ben Franklin probably would have read the science passages first. Although he had many interests, so I can't say for sure. When he was 16, he trolled his own brother's newspaper with satirical letters to the editor that he wrote as a widow named "Silence Dogood." The Essay Will Be Less Stressful You don’t even have to write an essay on the new SAT if the colleges where you’re applying don’t require it. The mandatory essay was one of the aspects of the old SAT that students always feared.You had so little time to write, and the essay could heavily influence your overall Writing score.The new essay is scored completely separately from the rest of the test, so it won’t impact your Reading/Writing score. You also have 50 minutes for it rather than 25.If writing under pressure is difficult for you, this is good news! Writing Will Be Less Nit-Picky and More Practical The Writing section on the old version of the SAT contained many questions that asked about tricky little grammar issues likeillogical comparisons and subject-verb or pronoun agreement. The new Writing section will have fewer questions like this and more questions that ask about writing skills that will be familiar to you based on your high school coursework. For example, you might be asked where a sentence fits most logically in a paragraph. Math Questions Will Be More Straightforward Although some more challenging math concepts will be tested on the new SAT (trigonometry), the questions will be less puzzle-like.The steps you need to take to find the answer will be clearer, so you won’t have to use your reading comprehension skills as much on the math section.Here’s a sample grid-in question labeled as an â€Å"easy† problem on the new test: If a2 + 14a = 51 and a 0, what is the value of a + 7? This question gets right to the point and is not worded confusingly.If you have the foundational math skills, you’ll be able to solve it without getting tripped up by phrasing. You can solve the equation with factoring, and the correct answer is 10!Now, here’s a sample multiple choice question labeled as a â€Å"hard† problem: Which of the following is equal to sin(Ï€/5)? A. -cos(Ï€/5)B. -sin(Ï€/5)C. cos(3Ï€/10)D. sin(7Ï€/10) Notice that this question isn’t any more confusing or â€Å"tricky† than the easy question; it just requires more advanced math knowledge.In this case, you would need to know the trigonometric identity sin(x) = cos(Ï€/2 - x).Plug in Ï€/5 for x, and you get cos(3Ï€/10), choice C. Pizza can help you learn trigonometry. This slice is approximately 45 degrees of deliciousness (minus the olives). Will the New SAT Be Easier for You? Although there are some aspects of the new SAT that could potentially make it easier for all students, specific types of students may find the test to be significantly easier.If any of these descriptions apply to you, you might be in for a pleasant surprise on the new SAT. Math and Science Are Your Strong Suits Math will make up a greater proportion of your score on the new SAT (half versus a third), so math geeks will have a bit more of an edge.The Math section will also test slightly more advanced concepts and will not require as much reading comprehension.The Reading section of the test even includes data interpretation, which should be a breath of fresh air for students who feel more comfortable with science than English. Writing Is a Weaker Subject for You The essay on the new SAT involves reading a passage and then writing an analysis of the author’s argument.If you had trouble with the old SAT’s opinion-based essay format, you might feel more comfortable with the more specific expectations of the new essay.The essay is also optional, as I’ve mentioned a couple of times before, so if you’re not confident in your writing skills, you may be able to avoid it altogether.Writing is combined with Reading in your final score, so it no longer makes up a separate score out of 800. It’s will be slightly less important to your overall score. You’re Not Very Confident in Your Vocabulary Skills Have you spent a lot of time dreading the SAT because of all the crazy words you need to know for sentence completion questions?You’ll be much better off on the new version of the test.Many students find the vocabulary to be one of the most intimidating aspects of the SAT; being tested on more practical words in the context of the passageshould make it less intimidating. You Can Read Quickly This would have been an advantage on the old SAT too, but it will play even better on the new test.Since all Reading and Writing questions are passage-based, there’s more reading overall on the test.If you’re a fast reader, you’ll be able to overcome what I think will be one of the toughest problems for students on the new SAT: time management. Be a cheetah! Not to be confused with a cheater (although PrepScholar is based in the Boston area). Conclusion: Is the New SAT Easier? The changes that are coming to the SAT may make the test easier to handle for certain students.Changes that could make the new SAT less challenging overall include: No sentence completion questions Optional essay Less confusing math questions More predictable structure and content You personally might like the new test a lot better if: You’re more comfortable with Math/Science than Reading/Writing Vocabulary is not your strong suit You’re a fast reader The test will be significantly different, but don’t let it scare you too much.It’s highly possible that you’ll feel more confident on the new version of the SAT! What's Next? Are you still trying to decide whether you should take the new SAT or the ACT this year? Read this article for advice on which test will suit you better. If you're planning on taking the new SAT, it might be difficult to settle on a goal score with the changes to the format. Learn more about how to calculate a reasonable target score for the updated version of the test. You should also check out the SAT test dates for this year so you can plan ahead for the test! Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Ecotourism Trend Environmental Management Tourism Essay Essay Example

Ecotourism Trend Environmental Management Tourism Essay Essay Example Ecotourism Trend Environmental Management Tourism Essay Paper Ecotourism Trend Environmental Management Tourism Essay Paper discusses a precise method in peculiar to greenbelts by prolonging touristry countries. Greenbelts are webs of additive elements that are planned, designed and managed for multiple intents, including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic or other intents compatible with the construct of sustainable land usage ( p.971 ) . By utilizing landscapes in a cultural and natural procedure that does non hold damaging environmental effects, reading, cognition and apprehension is required for the sustenance of touristry countries. Landscape is a complex construct and system that is the consequence of the combination of natural and human force factors. The cultural and natural elements were incorporated through an ecological construction that is the merchandise of natural and cardinal systems. The comprehension of environmental sensitiveness can give manner to sustainable development by back uping determinations sing intercessions from ecological, economic and societal positions. ( p . 971 ) By the positive and helpful usage of landscape alongside with steady usage, the direction of the environment will go on to go known and more effectual. The discussed methodological analysis envelops three stages of standards including eco-cultural analysis, synthesis and diagnosing, and the proposal. The attack consists of landscape constructions and kineticss dwelling of biophysical, dynamic, flora and other assorted cultural features. The eco-cultural analysis was used by seeking and garnering valid information collected entirely from field informations and mapmaking. The survey of home grounds is critical to get cognition of the district and prolong the foreseeable right direction steps. ( p. 978 ) Many other analyses such as the biophysical constituent, morphological kineticss, the flora analysis, cultural landscape, and the cultural and natural analysis, compiled together the information needed to do a successful proposal in placing the necessary stairss towards environmental direction and the sustenance of landscapes. Continuing natural countries such as Fieldss, hayfields and woods leads to the sustainable care of ecosystem s and is the rule of pull offing the environment. Once the precedence actions and the direction steps for home grounds that guarantee ecological equilibrium of landscape have been implemented, it is so possible to suggest sustainable greenbelts. ( p. 980 ) Article 2 The usage of pick experiments in the analysis of tourer penchants for ecotourism development in Costa Rica, Robert R. Hearne ( 2002 ) explains, During the past decennary Costa Rica has successfully promoted its tourer industryaˆÂ ¦ ( p. 154 ) . Hearne besides addresses the dynamic facets and progresss of sustainable substructures and their utmost attempts towards protecting their natural countries via nature-based touristry. Nature-based touristry is used to advance the double ends of nature preservation and income coevals. ( p.153 ) To farther do an environmental direction impact, Costa Rica must unite within the tourers an grasp for the nature, sustainable substructures, specified and defined limitations, every bit good as the recognition of national Parkss and protected countries. An addition of tourers in any country instantly generates gross, a positive consequence. While tourist dollars can bring forth income for local populations and contribute to the fiscal autonomy of protected countries ( p. 153 ) , they besides propose harmful possibilities on the environment including go forthing their imprints on the land, loss of resources and making a big volume of pollution. Chosen experiments appear as agencies to measure the impacts on the Braulio Carrilo National Park due to a major addition of tourist trials in the country. The experiments and trials are a comprehensive and accumulative rating that analyzes direct links with economic theory of derived public-service corporation that consumers public-service corporations are defined over a package of properties or features of a purchased good or service. ( p. 156 ) A big bulk of the park aims its focal point on the protection and preservation of wildlife home grounds including cougar, panthers, tapirs, quetzals, and bird of Joves. Along with the assortment of species, the park is located among five different clime zones. Therefore, an environmental direction program and experimental appraisal is cardinal to the saving of the National Park and to inform the park rangers the indispensable demands of the country. This survey demonstrates that pick experiments are a executable mechanism to analyse us er penchants for the direction of protected countries in developing states. ( p. 161 ) Article 3 The 3rd article, Sustainable Schemes for the Brazilian Amazon Region: An Ecotourism Perspective, Raul Gouvea ( 2008 ) discusses the importance of implementing an ecotourism industry along the Amazon part due to the inflow of tourers and the deficiency of sustainable development adjustments. The Brazilian authorities has become cognizant of the environmental dangers that may happen because of the growing in the touristry industry. Each twelvemonth Brazil becomes a more known touristry finish with the continued enlargement of hotels, subject Parkss and convention centres. With the developments of new substructures, the environment will endure from deforestation and major perturbations among the wildlife animate beings and environing home grounds. Taking action now and sing the demands of an ecotourism tendency such as environmental direction will guarantee the sustenance of the state. Ecotourism offers an avenue for interpreting sustainable development schemes into net incomes and a e xecutable option to finance the preservation of ecosystems. ( p. 89 ) The Brazilian authorities has tried assorted positions of environmental direction ordinances since 1987. With the constitution of their ecotourism industry, the protection and preservation of the visited countries, and attempts to bring forth benefits to the local communities as a manner to advance the preservation of local home grounds ( p.91 ) , are their two chief focal points on undertaking this job. Jointly, with their focal points, The Brazilian Tourism bureau and the Ecotourism Poles Project and the Brazilian Ecotourism Institute, works towards a successful plan of inventing, placing and advancing poles for ecotourism development. However, a major job that Brazil faces is the deficiency of educated professionals naming the ecotourism progresss. The three corporations that are working so difficult to develop and implement the ecotourism tendency of environmental direction are holding a serious job with admiting where to get down, happening the work force needed for the necess ary alterations of substructures and troubles with their communicating and transit attempts. The lone reply towards enduring environmental direction in Brazil is that several stairss need to be taken to set up a persuasive eco-mindset in the Amazon part. The creative activity of an ecological triple-helix, conveying together the local private sector, local educational establishments and local and federal governmental bureaus is of paramount importance to travel the ecological docket frontward in the part. ( p. 93 ) Article 4 Leida Mercado and James P. Lassoie, wrote the article, Assessing Tourist s Preferences for Recreational and Environmental Management Programs Central to the Sustainable Development of a Tourism Area in the Dominican Republic ( 2002 ) . Sustainable development, preservation of natural resources and saving of the environment from the affects of the touristry industry was an of import accent in the paper. The nexus between market fight and sustainable touristry is really sensible, particularly when the touristry industry depends on the singularity of environmental resources, as in the Dominican Republic. ( p.255 ) The touristry industry is known to be a major affliction in the end towards and eco-friendly environment. The appropriate manner to measure that job is to first integrate the specifications such as ordinances and policies of a touristry country to sustainable developments. Besides, to foster assist the ecotourism tendency of environmental direction, acknowledging the involve ments in sustainable developments of tourers and other communities will assist assistance in making consciousness and add excess support to environmental direction. This article foremost handedly reports how of import it is to arouse tourers penchants of plans cardinal to the sustainable development of touristry countries since these penchants can drive directors development determinations in more sustainable waies. ( p. 253 ) To further nail the involvements of tourers sing where they like to holiday, a considerable sum of about two 100 people were interviewed. The importance of incorporating this information is because so the resort of Punta Cana in the Dominican Republic, every bit good as environing countries, will be cognizant which countries will necessitate excess aid in environmental direction and sustainable developments. The chief factors that they considered when make up ones minding where to travel on a beach holiday were evaluated, every bit good as their penchants sing four plans designed to better recreational and environmental direction of the country. ( p. 253 ) The tourers expressed their sentiments in fiscal footings. Of the consequences that they gathered, certain penchants expected of the tourers where cleanliness of the ocean and beach countries, prestigiousness of services, and the overall monetary value when traveling on a holiday. Besides, they responded peculiarly to two of the four sustainable development plans. The out-of-door fish tank and the Water Management Program were the chief involvements of the interviewed tourers as they showed a significant willingness to pay. From the survey of tourer penchants, it is possible to pull decisions with deductions for both sustainable touristry development and environmental policy. ( p. 265 ) Article 5 The concluding article that showed the turning ecotourism tendency of environmental direction, A Conceptual Framework to Develop Long-Term Ecological Research and Management Objectives in the Wider Caribbean Region, ( 2004 ) was written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy. Tourism is the chief beginning of income for the Caribbean part. With the changeless flows of tourers come ining the part, it puts a batch of emphasis on the delicate ecosystems. The environment experiences marks of want in most common countries such as the environing sea and water partings. Tourists are besides responsible for the amendss they leave behind, the excess sums of pollution in the country, the disruptiveness of wildlife home grounds and the demand of lodging adjustments. Because the Caribbean can non make without tourers bring forthing gross, ecotourism is going a really good known tendency because of the demand for environmental direction schemes and support for sustainable developments. A job when measuring t he development of the ecotourism tendency is that there are few, expressed, long-run, comprehensive surveies depicting the construction and map of Caribbean ecosystems. ( p. 843 ) To turn to the job of the delicate ecosystems, a conceptual model utilizing environmental signature hypothesis of tropical coastal scenes to develop a series of research inquiries for the reef-sea-grass-wetland seascape ( p.843 ) was created. A sum of 13 locations of different ambiances and tolerance degrees of environmental impacts from both natural state of affairss and external 1s were documented with the conceptual model attack. This attack follows the scheme developed by the Long Term Ecological Research plan of the National Science Foundation to set up ecological research inquiries best studied over decennaries and big spacial countries. ( p. 843 ) The 13 choices showcased different phases of tolerance from possible human impact of the ecosystems. The devastation of coral reefs were the chief concern found in the research approaches. Effectss of amendss made to the coral reefs may be from deposit, destructive fishing, ill regulated excavation and building and anthropogenet ic food inputs. ( p. 850 ) The causes that lead to the devastation of the coral reefs entirely comes from the touristry industry. The Caribbean part invariably maintains adjustments for their visitants by take parting in deforestation, substructures of hotels and other installations, excavation and the building of the seashore and beach countries. All in all, the Caribbean has successfully centered some chief environmental amendss made by tourers. The following measure is to further implement the ecotourism tendency of environmental direction full force in the part to protect the natural countries. Decision The chief grounds how touristry negatively affects the environmental direction attacks is through the accommodations that ecosystems and wildlife countries have to modify because of the human ecological footmarks of tourers, secondly, deforestation by building of both general substructure and touristry related installations, and eventually pollution of noise, H2O, and air However, because of all the harmful contacts that touristry has with the environment, it does raise a batch of likely concerns to make consciousness to the environmental direction protection and preservation organisations. Physical impacts on the environment chiefly come from the building of touristry and leisure related installations such as roads, railwaies, waies, airdromes, marinas, hotels and resorts, and bowls for featuring events such as the Olympics, National Football League, and NASCAR. With the changeless addition in demand for touristry and recreational service countries, deforestation is the chief cause to the negative impacts in the environment. Land resources such as woods, Fieldss, and the countryside are being used for edifice stuffs, adjustment of the land, and minerals and dirts. With the lessening of natural parts, wetlands and wildlife is besides sing the damaging dazes. In shutting, all of the above articles discuss the of import ecotourism tendency of geting environmental direction processs and tactics. The common subject among the articles is admiting the positive and negative effects of touristry. A positive consequence for the Costa Rica National Park was increased gross that was basically used to assist protect their natural countries. Other positives include new methodological analysiss and advanced attacks for protection and sustainable developments. However, despite the many positives, touristry besides has negative impacts on specific countries ensuing in the despairing demand for new ecotourism tendencies which includes environmental direction and sustainable developments.

Essay on Internal Control

Essay on Internal Control Essay on Internal Control CASH CONTROL GUIDELINES General The term â€Å"cash† includes currency, coin, checks, money order, credit/debit cards, ACH online payments and electronic file transfers. All departments receiving any form of cash, including cash receipts, change funds and petty cash funds must be authorized by the Director of Student Accounts. This authorization is established through a Memorandum of Understanding that outlines the responsibilities of the cash site and assigns accountability to an individual – usually the Director or Manager – within the department who must sign the Memorandum. All cash sites are subject to audit and the authorized individual at those sites must ensure that the department complies with all governmental regulations, university policies/procedures and the recognized standards for internal controls as related to cash. All employees assigned cash handling responsibilities must be instructed regarding the cash regulations and guidelines that the department must followed. INTERNAL CONTROLS Strong internal controls are necessary to prevent mishandling of funds and safeguard assets. They protect both the university and the employees handling cash. The standard internal control categories that authorized individuals should be aware of are: Safeguarding Cash, Cash Receipts, Reconciliation, Segregation of Duties, and Other. Safeguarding Cash Youngstown State University’s cash control guidelines are governed by Ohio Revised Code, Section 9.39, and require that the funds held overnight be minimized. It requires that all public moneys received be deposited â€Å"on the business day next following the day of receipt, if the total amount of such moneys received exceeds one thousand dollars. If the total amount of the public moneys so received does not exceed one thousand dollars, the person shall deposit the moneys on the business day next following the day of receipt, unless the public office of which that person is a public official adopts a policy permitting a policy permitting a different time period, not to exceed three business days next following the day of receipt, for making such deposits, and the person is able to safeguard the moneys until such time as the moneys are deposited.† 1 Access to cash should be restricted at all times. It should be kept in a locked, secure storage facility to which only designated individuals have access. This could be a lockable cash drawer, safe, safe compartment or filing cabinet. The degree of security provided by the storage facility should be commensurate with the amounts being stored. Combinations or keys to safes and other storage facilities should be restricted to the custodian of the cash and designated back up. Combinations or locks should be changed as necessary, and whenever a person with the combination or key is separated. Appropriate precautions † commensurate with the amounts being transported † should be taken when transporting cash from the department to the Office of Student Accounts. All large deposits or those deposits made on a regular basis should be arranged by the department for transport by the YSU Police. Under no circumstances should cash be sent through campus mail or carried by an employee in an obvious container or after dark. Cash Receipts All cash should be recorded immediately upon receipt by use of: cash register, data entry to computer system, pre†numbered receipt or handwritten log. Each individual cash receipt should be identified and controlled by a unique, sequential transaction number, such as a cash register or hand receipt number. Checks should be made payable to YSU (department name optional) and restrictively endorsed (departmental name required) immediately upon receipt. An endorsement stamp may be obtained from the Office of Student Accounts and University Receivables for this purpose. Cash receipts should be

Marketing tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing tools - Essay Example In this regard, the analysis focuses on a wireless mini Hair dryer market, competitive environment and the costs involved. This can only be achieved by continuous surveys of the product competitors’ actions in this market. Under an inventor’s strategic marketing plan/approach, it will continuously monitor potential benefits/opportunities offered by the new line of products/a wireless mini Hair dryer to ascertain its financial viability ((Errigo & Zempol 2011, p. 64). Ansoff’s Model In order to meet the above objectives, Knowledge Store can use the Ansoff’s matrix / model to make decisions regarding a wireless mini hair dryer marketing growth strategy. It will used to ascertain strategic priorities regarding the launch of this new product line to attract more customers, expand the existing market share and to increase sales revenue earnings (Errigo & Zempol 2011, p. 72). It helps in creating a logical platform on which the above objectives are developed, fo llowing different mix categories shown in the diagram below. Fig. 1.0: Ansoff’s Model Moreover, Ansoff’s matrix is employed to determine a wireless mini hair dryer marketing strategies that will help in meeting the objectives of increasing the customer base and market share. This will be facilitated by the use of internet services, which reach more customers segments in different geographic markets across the globe. SWOT Analysis of an inventor’s company An inventor SWOT can be analyzed in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as outlined in the following table. STRENGTHS 1. A company operates many stores across the globe, thus present in the global market. 2. Strong control over its distribution channels. 3. An inventor’s product has a strong brand identity/name. 4. Its diversification strategy has larger brands portfolio. 5. Expansive market product line. WEAKNESSES 1. Weak financial health caused by higher debts and decline in pro fitability margin. 2. Unstable management caused by family conflicts of interest. 3. Weaker brands portfolio from some items sold by an inventor. 4. Limited target customers, especially the professionals. 5. The prices of an inventor product are relatively higher. OPPORTUNITIES 1. An inventor has a higher market growth potential in other areas, especially in the UK and USA. 2. A company is capable of consolidating other brands for the establishment of a stronger competitive advantage in various segments. 3. Presence of e-marketing/e-commerce makes it possible for an inventor to carry out online transactions. 4. Presence of multi-media technology developments for marketing/advertising. THREATS 1. A company currently faces stiffer competition from other market players in a company, which are companies that offer medium brands that are capable of advancing towards the premium brands such. 2. An inventor is facing the threat of takeover that is likely to affect its capital ownership in a company. 3. Presence of both local political shakeups and economic slowdown. 4. Fake company’s products. PESTEL Analysis of an inventor’s company/business There are various factors that would affect the decision making processes. The PESTEL analysis technique has been used in an effort to analyze some of these factors. The PESTEL model usually covers the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that are likely to influence the decision maki

Land Rover Sustainability Accounting and Accountability Analysis Essay

Land Rover Sustainability Accounting and Accountability Analysis - Essay Example Sustainable development aims to fulfill the present needs without harming the possibility of not fulfilling the future ones. In today’s era, where companies give sole importance to economic growth the concept of sustainable growth becomes all the more important. As globalization continues to spread there is a steep rise in the ways through which companies and individuals can increase their profits. But the newly created opportunities are not evenly spread over the social strata. So there is always a dynamic instability which is making the environment volatile to some extent. Increase in technical knowledge has attributed to financial development, but it also has the ability to reduce the risks which threatens to harm the social and environmental sustainability .So sustainable development’s key feature encapsulates its promotion of out of the box thinking and selection of innovative choices. There is a need for transparency regarding a company’s economic, social a nd environmental impact and gradually this aspect has become an integral part of its relations with its stakeholders. Stakeholders expect a company to communicate to them the true picture of the company’s sustainability. This naturally led to the requirement of a globally recognized framework of rules, concepts and regulations. As a result the Global Reporting Initiative created the Guidelines for Sustainability Reporting. With the formation of the guidelines a transparency was achieved in the reports involving the sustainability of the company. These reports generated a lot of interest amongst the motley crew of stakeholders (Global Reporting, 2011). Sustainability reports disclose results that have happened in the reporting period. These reports are mainly used for: 1. Assessment of the sustainability performance of the company in accordance with the laws, performance standards and norms. 2. The extent to which the company influences and gets influenced by its surroundings. 3. To perform an intra and intercompany comparison over a period. Guidelines for Sustainability Reporting The reporting framework developed by GRI can be used by any company irrespective of its location, sector and size. The reporting guidelines ensure that the reports produced by the companies are up to the mark. These guidelines include: 1. Reporting Principles 2. Guidance 3. Standard disclosures. All the three elements are given equal weight age and importance. Reporting principles explain the results a report should able to convey, the selection and methods of reporting, along with the indicators and topics which will be included in the report. Each principle consists of definitions and a number of tests which help the company to decide the principles which it intends to use. The reporting guidance explains the actions that a company can take during the decision making process, and also helps in selecting the topics that will be included

Media theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media theory - Essay Example A number of interpretations for these methodologies and styles are possible based on various lenses used to analyze the creation of different media elements. Contemporary media studies consist of various analytical elements and styles. These could depend on semiotics, ideological analysis, psychoanalytical approaches, formalist approaches, feminist approaches, modern approaches, post modern approaches, post structuralist approaches as well as post colonial approaches. However, there is a certain fluidity present between these differing approaches so no one piece of media can be termed as relying on one of these approaches alone. Instead, it is common for more than one device to be used to create media elements (Berger, 2011). This ensures that a singular piece of media will appeal to as many audiences as possible at the same time. In order to satisfy the needs of various subcultures it is necessary to construe a piece of media from as many differing perspectives as possible without s poiling its overall composure. While some pieces of media might contain this contention through the process of directed creation, other pieces of media might contain such influences involuntarily. It is highly obvious that a number of sub cultures also influences the creator of a piece of media. Hence, it is natural to expect a piece of media to be composed of various forms and methods of thinking and style. This is all the more obvious for textual pieces of media more than other kinds of media. It might be argued that other media such as movies for example are far richer in terms of content than textual pieces. However, movies are the joint collaboration of a number of people working together while textual content is often the creation of one individual alone. The depth contained within textual materials is arguably far richer than other pieces or elements of media. This paper will focus on the media analysis of a piece of text contained in the January 2011 edition of Time Magazine titled New Ways to Think of Grief by Ruth Davis Konigsberg. A number of different media analysis approaches will be used in order to decipher the creation and composure of the said piece of media. These will involve a combination of theoretical as well as practical media analysis tools and theories. These tools will be applied to the subject text sequentially to bring out the various influences as they compose the text. The article by Konigsberg tends to look at grief, one of the most basic of all human emotional expressions. Certain human experiences such as happiness, grief, surprise and the like are such basic blocks of the human being that they are seldom revisited for consideration. It is common for an average person to never look into these nooks and crannies and to forge ahead in life using conceptions gathered from society. However, the article penned by Konigsberg forces one to â€Å"revisit the basics† to see how one’s conception of grief is fashioned by the people and social values around a person. This method of looking at grief or this method of looking at anything else is purely post modernist without argument. The post modernist approach relies on â€Å"revisiting the basics† to look for continual and dynamic evolution of issues that fashion human life. The basic tenet of post modernism is the belief that human issues are continually evolving and will continue to behave as such without any stoppage. These ideas are supported by the fact that society is

Our Survival in the Desert Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Survival in the Desert - Coursework Example My father, Harris, is an experience truck driver, who has been delivering goods, in the remote areas, as per the instructions of his transport company. On arrival of our father, we all discussed with him about our plan to go on an adventure trip, in his truck. He readily agreed, as he had accumulated number of off-days, which he could utilize for going on vacation. The next point was to decide on the area, which we could explore as part of our travel plan. As he was familiar with high deserts of Northern Nevada, we all decided to explore that region. My father had no hesitation in doing so, as he was confident of finding his way in this desert. Fortunately, his vehicle had white color paint on the outside, as same could not absorb much heat, in the hot and dry areas, where temperatures ran high. This also saved engine from getting overheated. As part of our preparations, my father carried his fully loaded gun and the ham radio equipment, while he informed us that cell phones do not w ork in most of these places and amateur radio is dependable, comparatively. Water was the most precious commodity which we had to carry for survival in the desert. My father loaded the truck with necessary supplies and a pistol, apart from the gun. We all sat in the truck and it rolled out in the eastern direction, going away from the civilization. We could smell the freshness of air, as we kept heading towards the desert. The hot wind was blowing at high speed and the scorching sun stood over our heads. We could not afford to get out of the truck, in such condition. However, the track on which my father was driving seemed to have vanished with sand and dust, seen everywhere. This made me to rush out and look in all directions for any clue to find the right track. My father had specifically asked me to carry the map of this desert, so that we could understand area topography. Holding the map in my hands, I tried to unfold it and read the same. At this time, a strong gush of hot wind took away my precious possession and I stood horrified for a moment. My father tried to look around for the map, but it could not be seen anywhere. Perhaps, it got buried under the sand tunes, which kept on forming in different shapes, at fast speed, with the help of strong desert winds. The anxiety and fear of getting lost made us thirstier and we decided to consume some of the water, which we had with us. We could not help to have full water intake as thirst overcame us, at that moment. Looking around, the desert was same in all directions. Therefore, my father decided to walk around in search of a track, which can lead us to anywhere. We all followed him. Although we wanted to go on an adventure that involved excitement, I had never thought of any such expedition, which could make us really fearful. My mother started praying to god. Walking aimlessly, we could feel the arrival of evening and night, as sun started setting. This helped us in knowing the eastern and western directi on. But having no paper with me, I could not make a map, with reference to that point where we saw the sun setting. A little later, we could not afford to walk further, as darkness covered whole desert. We had the hot sand as our bedding, which became cooler with the passage of night. Fear and anxiety could not let us sleep, while we waited for the morning light to appear. Meanwhile, my father tried to send message through the radio equipment, but he did not find any signal and this hope also seemed getting lost. The worst thing to happen was not anticipated by any of us. However, we did experience the real shock, as a cobra snake crawled towards me and was

Was Abigail Adams politically correct to use her influence to defend Essay

Was Abigail Adams politically correct to use her influence to defend womens rights - Essay Example the ladies, we are determined to forment rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."(The Book of Abigail and John, March 1976. Pp. 121-122) By this she meant to remember the women’s rights in the passage of the laws, and the women who worked hard for the independence of America. Her words to that letter were threatening, invoking the power of women to form a rebellion if they were not heard by authorities. She argued that women were not created for sex purpose only. Here, Abigail tried to explain in her letter that women should not be oppressed and should be treated with equality or otherwise break the old system of masculine sovereignty. Abigail was also concerned on discriminations and domestic problems of the people, particularly, her friends, who had to leave Boston. There was a great turmoil and resistance from Boston people over the oppressive taxes by the British government at that time, so the public was restiv e. The famous Boston Tea Party came about in this particular period to demonstrate protests on taxes. The Boston Tea Party that threw loads of tea to the sea was a showdown of protest that imminently led to a revolution. Due perhaps to this commotion, many people had to leave Boston, and that included friends of Adam’s family. Abigail complained about this on her letter to John Adams on July 12, 1775 relating to him the difficulty of Mr. Hayden and Mr. Trott in finding a suitable home in Braintree ( Adams Electronic Archive, n.d.) .Housing was one of the problems that could be articulated in the letter. Therefore, it is a national problem that could only be addressed by the government. She probably felt her husband had the power to give solution to this tight spot of domestic problems. In... The paper describes and outlines the role of the small women Abigail Adams in the history of America. Abigail felt her husband had the power to convince lawmakers to change the fate of women’s lives. In the early days, once women got married, everything had to be consulted to the husband. Women’s roles were to be housewives and to raise children. Working outside the house, or in a factory was in their farthest dreams. All these changed with the American Revolution. Women found new roles and satisfying jobs in seeking the freedom of the country. Perceptions of women on their roles changed too so that it gradually revolutionized their role’s perspectives. As a woman who had connections, Mrs. Adams probably thought she can employ her influence to change the lives’ direction of women; and above all, she was a woman who felt the predicaments of women in the society. Indeed, Abigail Adams was correct, because she sparked the idealism for women and became an infl uential figure of her time. Little did she know that her letter would chart the destiny of women. Had she kept her cool and quiet, progress could have been stalled. . The spirit of activism and heroism which are still felt today is an aftermath of Abigail’s influence and that of the women who insisted on their rights. Once the women were granted privileges, significant changes were made. We now have women leaders in the government and heads of states, representatives and senators. Men and women together showed action and dedication to work for a change.

Our Survival in the Desert Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our Survival in the Desert - Coursework Example My father, Harris, is an experience truck driver, who has been delivering goods, in the remote areas, as per the instructions of his transport company. On arrival of our father, we all discussed with him about our plan to go on an adventure trip, in his truck. He readily agreed, as he had accumulated number of off-days, which he could utilize for going on vacation. The next point was to decide on the area, which we could explore as part of our travel plan. As he was familiar with high deserts of Northern Nevada, we all decided to explore that region. My father had no hesitation in doing so, as he was confident of finding his way in this desert. Fortunately, his vehicle had white color paint on the outside, as same could not absorb much heat, in the hot and dry areas, where temperatures ran high. This also saved engine from getting overheated. As part of our preparations, my father carried his fully loaded gun and the ham radio equipment, while he informed us that cell phones do not w ork in most of these places and amateur radio is dependable, comparatively. Water was the most precious commodity which we had to carry for survival in the desert. My father loaded the truck with necessary supplies and a pistol, apart from the gun. We all sat in the truck and it rolled out in the eastern direction, going away from the civilization. We could smell the freshness of air, as we kept heading towards the desert. The hot wind was blowing at high speed and the scorching sun stood over our heads. We could not afford to get out of the truck, in such condition. However, the track on which my father was driving seemed to have vanished with sand and dust, seen everywhere. This made me to rush out and look in all directions for any clue to find the right track. My father had specifically asked me to carry the map of this desert, so that we could understand area topography. Holding the map in my hands, I tried to unfold it and read the same. At this time, a strong gush of hot wind took away my precious possession and I stood horrified for a moment. My father tried to look around for the map, but it could not be seen anywhere. Perhaps, it got buried under the sand tunes, which kept on forming in different shapes, at fast speed, with the help of strong desert winds. The anxiety and fear of getting lost made us thirstier and we decided to consume some of the water, which we had with us. We could not help to have full water intake as thirst overcame us, at that moment. Looking around, the desert was same in all directions. Therefore, my father decided to walk around in search of a track, which can lead us to anywhere. We all followed him. Although we wanted to go on an adventure that involved excitement, I had never thought of any such expedition, which could make us really fearful. My mother started praying to god. Walking aimlessly, we could feel the arrival of evening and night, as sun started setting. This helped us in knowing the eastern and western directi on. But having no paper with me, I could not make a map, with reference to that point where we saw the sun setting. A little later, we could not afford to walk further, as darkness covered whole desert. We had the hot sand as our bedding, which became cooler with the passage of night. Fear and anxiety could not let us sleep, while we waited for the morning light to appear. Meanwhile, my father tried to send message through the radio equipment, but he did not find any signal and this hope also seemed getting lost. The worst thing to happen was not anticipated by any of us. However, we did experience the real shock, as a cobra snake crawled towards me and was

Taking a Closer Look at Thailands Free Trade Agreement Essay

Taking a Closer Look at Thailands Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example The term "free trade" has become very politically loaded, and it is not uncommon for so-called "free trade agreements" to impose additional trade restrictions. Such restrictions on trade are often due to domestic political pressure by powerful corporate, environmental or labor interest groups. Free trade agreements are a key element of customs unions and free trade areas. The details and differences of these agreements are covered in their respective articles (Wikipedia Website). The spate of Thailand's bilateral FTAs had sprung from its intense need to supply more markets for its own exports after the failure of the WTO negotiations in the Doha Development Round. For others, this represents a shift in the Thai trade policy from multilateralism that Thailand advocated for two decades since it became a GATT member in 1982. Either way, new challenges abound for all parties due to this recent policy change leaning towards bilateralism and regionalism instead of multilateralism (Chirathivat & Mallikamas, 2004 p. 37). Before this, Thailand already built bilateral and regional trade ties with a number of trading partners in Asia and the world. In further improving the nature of its FTA policy, there will be implications for the country since many businesses there are not broadly multilateral. With regards to the impact of the FTAs, costs and benefits, and adjustment mechanisms are still being scrutinized. However, the government is strongly determined to realize these alternative liberalization paths and incorporate it as an integral part of Thailand's new trade strategy. To elaborate more on Thailand's pivotal decision of adapting new strategies in its FTA, Chirathivat & Mallikamas (2004, p. 40) mentioned that the financial crisis of 1997-98 could be the main reason. Thailand and generally the East Asian region felt the need to promote closer economic co-operation. Although regionalism is regarded as the second-best policy, many countries have started to explore this alternative. The effect of competitive liberalization contributed in a way to the rise in regionalism worldwide and also in East Asia and Thailand. The advantages should maintain "competitive liberalization" that would open up favorable markets and ease the regulations within the group, which would put an outsider country in a possible unfavorable situation. As a result, foreign companies with a presence in Thailand are currently shifting strategy to take advantage of its FTAs. For instance, Toyota Motor Corp. is shipping manual transmissions for pickup trucks from India to Thailand, and sending Corolla knockdown kits back the other way for assembly in India. Both items benefit from the lower tariffs of the FTA and greatly help increase Toyota's price competitiveness (Nagao, 2005). In addition, Japan is pressuring Thailand to eliminate import tariffs on cars with 3000cc engines and luxury cars over 3000cc before the seven-year period offering by Thailand. It seems Japan wants to increase import quotas of Japanese cars by 1-3 per cent of total production in Thailand. In fact, Japan has warned Thailand that its proposal on luxury cars is the most important

Ups vs Fedex Essay Example for Free

Ups vs Fedex Essay In 1975, UPS promised package delivery to every address in the United States; FedEx was not able to guarantee delivery in every area. When deregulation of the domestic airline industry and trucking industry occurred, the operating landscape changed, and FedEx became the beneficiary by expanding its delivery fleet. The just-in-time supply movement enabled FedEx to grow as well by creating a larger demand for express delivery. Technological innovations, such as its package tracker, assisted FedEx in improved customer service; UPS was able to keep pace with technological innovations of its own, such as its own package tracker. UPS’s key to success was and remains efficiency, timing all delivery routes to traffic signal patterns for example. UPS also expanded into Canada and Germany before FedEx. In recent years UPS has invested heavily in information technology, aircraft and other facilities. Competitor Comparison UPS went public in 1999, starting direct stock competition with FedEx UPSFedEx Offered package delivery services to the entire US and over 200 countries, delivered over 13 million packages and achieved profits of $3 billion, and AAA bond rating in 1983Operational leader reached $1 billion in revenues during 1983 and was poised to own the market for express delivery Restructured by becoming an aggressive company and expanding through acquisitionsNo unions Acquired Miami based carrier with operations in Latin AmericaAchieved $15 billion in assets, net income of $830 million on revenues of $22. billion in 2003 Opened Mail Boxes Etc. franchise stores, providing packing, shipping and mail service Invested in IT, aircraft and facilities to support service innovations, quality and reduce cost Became involved with all aspects of supply chain logistics to offer another service to its customers By 2003, UPS and FedEx were in very similar business positions, providing express service in the US and abroad. Express Segment: 1999 2003 UPSFedEx Focus on customer serviceFocus on customer service Started price war, but later settled on regular price increasesSettled on regular price increases Cut costs through economies of scale, investments in IT and business process reengineeringCut costs through economies of scale, investments in IT and business process reengineering IT: UPS employs on DIADs for drivers to scan package barcodes during pickupIT: COSMOS transmits data from package movements, customer pickups, invoices and deliveries to central database in Memphis, TN UPS installed drop off boxes, 165 drive through and 371 express delivery stores, Saturday pickups to expand services and match FedExPurchased ground vehicles worth $200 million to match UPS delivery fleet Offered integrated logistics service to large corporate clients with total inventory controlCompeted for large corporate clients providing integrated logistics service In the international package-delivery market, UPS exceeded and had more success and dollar investment marked for international growth than FedEx . International Package-Delivery Market European entry in 1988 with acquisition of 10 continental courier services Lost estimated $1 billion in Europe since entry in 1984 and eventually sold European hub to DHL Spent an additional $1 billion in 1995 to expand it European operationsExpanded routes in Latin America, Caribbean and introduced AsiaOne next business day service between Asia and US in 1995 Begins direct flights to China in 2001Establishes Chinese Headquarters in 2003 Contracts with Yangtze River Express for package delivery within China in 2003 FedEx owned the largest foreign presence in China, with almost double the amount of daily flights to China than UPS, serving 220 Chinese cities with direct flights to Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai. FedEx volumes in China grew by more than 50% between 2003 and 2004. UPS was active in China beginning in 1988, and was the first carrier to offer nonstop service from America. By 2003, UPS had 6 weekly flights to China with direct service to Beijing and Shanghai, serving about 200 cities with expected growth of about 60% on its main route. UPS also predicted peak-season demand to exceed capacity. Financial Analysis UPS appears to be the better bet for the long-term because its historical financial results are superior to and more consistent when compared to FedEx. If we consider EVA (Economic Value Added) as the key gauge for evaluating both firms, UPS is clearly the better performer. In the twelve year period of 1992 through 1993, UPS created $4. 33 billion in cumulative economic value, while FedEx destroyed $2. 25 billion. Because of its superior profitability and cash generating capabilities, UPS has better prospects for funding growth through internal and external sources. Even if we weaken the assumption of past history as a good indicator for the course of future financial performance and management, the data still indicates UPS is in a better financial position for taking on future growth. Decomposing EVA UPS outperformed FedEx on profitability in the twelve year period with an average RONA of 13. 78% compared to 8. 31% for FedEx. This profitability disparity accounts for most of the differences in their EVA histories. The twelve year average cost of capital/WACC for each firm was virtually the same (11. 97% for UPS, 11. 5% for FedEx); FedEx failed to generate enough RONA to cover its cost of capital in eleven years of the twelve year period, while UPS generated positive economic returns in seven of those years. The economic profit margin or spread between RONA and WACC for UPS averaged about 1. 8 % compared to -3. 14% for FedEx. For the last year of the period, 2003, UPS’s spread was 5. 11% and FedEx’s was 1. 10%. Given these statistics, UPS is obviously the better value creator and more profitable firm. Funding Future Growth (Cash and Debt) UPS is in a better position to fund its future growth because it generates more cash through superior profitability and its bigger size NOPAT for UPS in 2003 was at $3. 31 billion versus FedEx at $1. 42 billion. Thus, UPS can fund a larger percentage of its growth through internally generated funds. UPS can also take on additional debt at a lower cost than FedEx. The two firms have very similar debt/equity ratios but different bond ratings, with UPS rated higher. Therefore, even with similar relative debt levels, UPS can choose to supplement its funding needs with debt at a lower interest expense than FedEx. As of 2003, UPS‘s interest coverage ratio is three times that of FedEx, so UPS has a bigger cushion for handling additional debt (which partially explains UPS’s higher debt rating). In summary, from a cash perspective and in the context of each firm’s debt load, UPS is clearly in a better financial position to compete than FedEx. Operational Analysis While UPS and FedEx operate with similar business practices and offer almost identical services to their respective customers, UPS is more diversified both in operational revenue and global market service. Virtually all of FedEx’s business is derived from air-express sector in the package delivery; that segment is only 44% of UPS’s revenues. Both companies compete fiercely, often copying the other’s moves. For instance, FedEx has started to poach clients from UPS by offering volume discounts and excellent delivery services. UPS has countered by matching FedEx’s customer interaction by installing drop boxes and offering Saturday delivery to equal FedEx’s delivery schedule. Annualized capital expenditures are almost identical between the two companies for the period of 1992 to 2003 was 34. 64% for FedEx and 36. 78% for UPS. The main difference between the two is the markets each company serves and how they serve it. FedEx utilizes an independent contractor model, while UPS has unionized employees. FedEx attempted to develop its European capabilities until 1992, when it sold its operations to DHL, and now relies on local partners. By comparison, UPS acquired multiple courier services and announced in 1995 it would spend $1 billion over the next five years to continue its European expansion. The following table provides the comparison of worldwide facts between FedEx and UPS: FedExUPS Main HubMemphis, TennesseeLouisville, Kentucky Packages handled per day5. 4 million13. 6 million Air deliveries per day3. 1 million2 million Service AreaMore than 220 countries and territories, including every address in the United StatesMore than 200 countries and territories; every address in North America and Europe WorkforceMore than 216,500 employees worldwide360,000 Worldwide Delivery FleetMore than 50,000 motorized vehicles and 625 aircraft88,000 ground vehicles; 583 aircraft. In the ground package-delivery business, UPS is approximately five times larger than FedEx, delivering 11 million packages per day. However, there are signs that FedEx is gaining market share for ground delivery. FedEx dominates with the world’s largest air-delivery service, delivering 50% more per day than UPS. The battleground has shifted from Europe to China, which is projected to become the second largest economy by 2011 and the largest by 2039. Because China’s export volume increased by 101% in 2004, both companies have focused on the import/export package market valued at nearly $1 billion, instead of the intra-domestic market, valued at approximately $800 million. Although it entered the Chinese market after FedEx, UPS is aggressively expanding its services within the market. While FedEx flies almost twice as many daily routes to China than UPS, the new service agreement between the US and China will alter the landscape; it is uncertain how the newly acquired routes will be distributed to FedEx, UPS and their other competitors. Conclusion UPS will achieve better long-term performance relative to FedEx because of its bigger size, more diversified revenue and business, superior financial and operational efficiency and a better capital position.

The Power Of Healing Through Forgiveness Philosophy Essay

The Power Of Healing Through Forgiveness Philosophy Essay Mahatma Gandhi once said, The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. (APA, pg. 1). She slumped against the wall clutching her knees and tried to concentrate on the pain of the old burn that had never healed, (Piercy, pg.54) When we harbor negative emotions toward others or toward ourselves, or when we intentionally create pain for others; we poison our own physical and spiritual systems. By far the strongest poison to the human spirit is the inability to forgive oneself or another person. It disables a persons emotional resources. The challenge is to refine our capacity to love others as well as ourselves and to develop the power of forgiveness. (Myss (mp3) 2004). Donna Fancourt argues that In addition to the radical destabilization of the categories of dream and reality, the novel also represents further examples of altered states of consciousness. (Francourt, pg.103). Although Boyd submits I dont have a clue about consciousness. It seems utterly mysteri ous to me. But it must be physical, as materialism must be true. (Boyd, pg.15). Mahatma Gandhi once said, The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. (APA, pg. 1). In Woman on the Edge of Time, Marge Piercy introduces us to Connie (Consuelo Ramos), a thirty-six year old, who is abused, misdiagnosed, tortured and appears to be a sociopath to her doctors. Connies been in a mental hospital for child abuse and, as a result, her daughter Angelina has been taken from her. When you get hurt by someone you care about a lot, normally brings about thoughts of anger and revenge and one can hold on to that anger for a very long time, and if anger and revenge is held onto then that individual is giving their power away. In Woman on the Edge of Time, Marge Piercy uses a perfect illustration of Connie to portray this, power, or more specifically, the lack thereof. Being powerless, Connie had to make herself believe to be ill, accepting Anglo definitions of success, relationships, and sanity. She slumped against the wall clutching her knees and tried to concentrate on the pain of the old burn that had never healed, (Piercy, pg.54) Connie has to accept this reality and wont be able to bloat out her memory, as she has plenty of regrets and anger. She is not sick nor is she suffering from any mental illness, Connie will have to gather up all her courage and will power to cooperate with the doctors to achieve a better reality elsewhere, and this could be through her subconscious mind. This internal power derived from a created reality is what Connie is attempting to achieve a chance at regaining power. Marge Piercy talks about how the Mattapoisett are at war and learn that the residents have to volunteer to go and fight. Sound wave making weapons are used to knock out the enemy. Although, before firing each sound wave, Luciente prays, Forgive me, if you are living and I kill you. (Piercy, pg. 62) even though Luciente does not know if the enemies are robots or if they are controlled by human beings, he feels obligated to ask for forgiveness. In 3 Levels of Power, Caroline Myss discusses the tribal, the individual, and the symbolic levels of power. Myss explains that the brain has the ability to create a distinct reality, one that you want to choose, 3rd is your mental level, the kind of power to see reality clearly. [] You have to have an incredible sense of internal power to withdraw your power from the tribal limits on your reality. (Myss (pdf) pg. 2). Caroline Myss goes on to explain why forgiveness is so powerful and pissing it away is so negative, as she explains When we harbor negative emotions toward others or toward ourselves, or when we intentionally create pain for others, we poison our own physical and spiritual systems. By far the strongest poison to the human spirit is the inability to forgive oneself or another person. It disables a persons emotional resources. The challenge is to refine our capacity to love others as well as ourselves and to develop the power of forgiveness.(Myss (mp3) 2004). Myss, states that forgiveness is what helps us disconnect from the tribe, maneuvering us into individual power, and getting us into the present time. Myss compares this level to the strength of cologne, Its stronger than eau d toilette, and will last longer (Myss (mp3) 2004). Although Myss is very resolute to say that, The act of forgiveness is the act of returning to present time. And thats why when one has become a forgiving person, and has managed to let go of the past, what theyve really done is theyve shifted their relationship with time.(Myss (mp3) 2004). When someone is content with ones life, the negative energy is hard to affect someone, especially one who is ill, as that person who is sick is primarily focused on dealing with what is ahead of you, instead of complaining and arguing (Myss (mp3) 2004), Myss goes on to explain that if one learns how to love oneself, by appreciating life, the healing process within happens faster and better because of the inner belief that, one can fight this illness and not give away power. Donna Fancourt argues that In addition to the radical destabilization of the categories of dream and reality, also represents further examples of altered states of consciousness (Francourt, pg.103), furthermore she said, that the drugs given to Connie may have facilitated her hallucinations. (Fancourt, pg. 108). Achieving the 3rd level of power is not something everyone can do, unless you have trained yourself to go-to that state through meditation, and now you are an expert in doing so. Myss and Piercy, both show that it is achieved through the aide of illness to tap into that power. The tribe says this illness you have cant be healed quickly but someone with a strong sense of eye, can look at the other side and say, it may be true for you but not for me, you can choose a different path of healing, youre using other thought processes (Myss (mp3) 2004). Very similar to Piercy, as Luciente comments, We can only know what we can truly imagine [because] what we see comes from ourselves (Piercy, pg. 328). If making connections with one another and nature, both mental and physical, then these connections can only be aided by altering states of consciousness. Connie enters Mattapoisett through her ability to reach different states of consciousness; her first alertness of an alternative reality is of hazy memories of dreams with the mysterious Luciente, and she awakens one morning with the sense [] that there was more she had not remembered, a sensation of return, blurred but convincing (Piercy, pg. 33). In Accessing Utopia through Altered States of Consciousness, Fancourt tries to show how Piercy tries to blur the states of consciousness, These cloudy memories and dreams soon overlap into daydreams and increasingly longer states of unconsciousness: by the end of the novel, Connie is spending up to twelve hours at a time in Mattapoisett. (Fancourt, pg. 105). In Accessing Utopia through Altered States of Consciousness, Fancourt discusses, how one may access this power , à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accessing utopia takes place through a specific process of altering states of consciousness. These altered states range widely from dreaming and meditation to psychic healing, (Fancourt, pg. 95). Although being able to switch from dream to reality in Connies case, was something she could achieve very easily and that is one of the main reasons Luciente chose Connie as the experimental contact. Although Boyd submits I dont have a clue about consciousness. It seems utterly mysterious to me. But it must be physical, as materialism must be true. (Boyd, pg.15). Worthington idea In Forgiveness: A Sampling of Research Results, can be used to understand how Lucientes act of prayer gives him a chance to regain power, Forgiveness is fostered by acknowledgment from harm doers of their actions, empathy with those they have harmed, expressions of regret and apology (APA, pg. 31). The states of consciousness, In Woman on the Edge of Time by Piercy points to the Mattapoisett people who turn to violence are advised to consult a healer. A second offence, however, causes execution since the community arent willing to live with people who choose to use violence (Piercy, pg. 209). The people of Mattapoisett, recognize that the people who turn to violence are giving away their power and should seek forgiveness by visiting a healer to begin their healing process and to remove any illness within . Asking for forgiveness and giving forgiveness, is the greatest ways of showing love, and in doing so will not only heal your relationship with the other person but also bring bliss and inner peace. Power and forgiveness, is the main themes of Myss stories, The act of forgiveness is the act of returning to present time. And thats why when one has become a forgiving person, and has managed to let go of the past, what theyve really done is theyve shifted their relationship with time. (Myss (mp3) 2004) and in the story of Connie (Woman on the Edge of Time) by Piercy, gives an example of how [t]hanksgiving in the Mattapoisett traditional religious conformism is replaced with a new set of rituals intended to promote individuality, with [t]hanksmaking (Piercy, pg. 174) where they would fast for the whole day (twenty four hours) before they go around asking forgiveness from everyone [they] have offended in the year (Piercy, pg. 174). Whether it is in your sub conscious or couscous state of mind, Boyd uses the example of what David Chalmers, said in The Conscious Mind, I dont have a clue about consciousness. It seems utterly mysterious to me. But it must be physical, as materialism must be true.(Boyd, pg.15). In Forgiveness: A Sampling of Research Results, Mullet et al, discovered that, Most (58%) of participants agreed that forgiveness could be an intergroup process, 28% were neutral, and only 14% thought that it was not possible for a group of people to ask another group for forgiveness. (APA, pg. 35). What does this mean to us you may ask? Well, Every individual has a reaction to the illness that they are encompassed by and the energy released from that illness, gives ones mind the power and ability of forgiveness, Every illness is a power responsewhen your body mind or spirit is going through any kind of reshaping it automatically presumes that a rebalancing of power is taking place (Myss (mp3) 2004) to leave the physical world and enter into a world where the transcendent mind is present, We can only know what we can truly imagine. Finally what we see comes from ourselves. (Piercy, pg. 332).

Macbeth :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Macbeth†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a play is presented on film, the director takes the script, and with poetic license, interprets it. A film not only contains the actual words of the author (in this case Shakespeare), but it includes action, acting, and cinematographic techniques; the three are used to better portray the author’s story. Using these elements, the director’s interpretation of the plot is reinforced. The film provides symbolic images and a visual interpretation, hence Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† is better understood by the viewers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of action was essential in the film. Murder, parties, battles, dancing, and embraces were actions that were focused upon the most. For example, in the scenes of Duncan’s murder, the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, the two guards, and Duncan were emphasized. The director used close-ups and long pauses in dialogue and action to give the viewer more time to focus on details in the scenes. Also, the long pauses and close-ups add to the drama, and overall mood of the film. Facial expressions, body movements, and speech were combined to portray â€Å"Macbeth† in such a way that the characters, and their emotions could be better understood. Thus, reinforcing the plot. For example, the close-ups of Macbeth’s face in the scenes surrounding Duncan’s murder clearly convey to the viewer his fear, guilt, uncertainty, anxiety, confusion and horror. Without these close-ups, these emotions might possibly have not been c learly sent to the viewer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actions of the characters as a whole in the film portray the change in mood over the course of the film. For example, in the beginning scenes, the soldiers rode high on their horses, the children played and laughed, townspeople seemed to be bustling about in a pleasant manner, and smiles were on all faces, especially at the party at Macbeth’s house the night of Duncan’s murder. Towards the end of the fourth act, the soldiers, townspeople, and children were crying, moaning and showed signs of suffering. In conclusion, these overall actions of the characters portrayed the mood change over the course of the film, thus emphasizing the fact that Macbeth had brought poverty, sorrow and horror to Scotland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cinematography enforced the mood, drama, and plot. The use of color in the film was telltale of the mood. The colors were drab, lifeless, mellow colors. These colors were telltale signs of the setting and mood of the play. The setting was in a sorrowful, dirty, suffering country; the mood was sorrowful and suffering as well. Macbeth :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Macbeth†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a play is presented on film, the director takes the script, and with poetic license, interprets it. A film not only contains the actual words of the author (in this case Shakespeare), but it includes action, acting, and cinematographic techniques; the three are used to better portray the author’s story. Using these elements, the director’s interpretation of the plot is reinforced. The film provides symbolic images and a visual interpretation, hence Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† is better understood by the viewers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of action was essential in the film. Murder, parties, battles, dancing, and embraces were actions that were focused upon the most. For example, in the scenes of Duncan’s murder, the actions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, the two guards, and Duncan were emphasized. The director used close-ups and long pauses in dialogue and action to give the viewer more time to focus on details in the scenes. Also, the long pauses and close-ups add to the drama, and overall mood of the film. Facial expressions, body movements, and speech were combined to portray â€Å"Macbeth† in such a way that the characters, and their emotions could be better understood. Thus, reinforcing the plot. For example, the close-ups of Macbeth’s face in the scenes surrounding Duncan’s murder clearly convey to the viewer his fear, guilt, uncertainty, anxiety, confusion and horror. Without these close-ups, these emotions might possibly have not been c learly sent to the viewer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actions of the characters as a whole in the film portray the change in mood over the course of the film. For example, in the beginning scenes, the soldiers rode high on their horses, the children played and laughed, townspeople seemed to be bustling about in a pleasant manner, and smiles were on all faces, especially at the party at Macbeth’s house the night of Duncan’s murder. Towards the end of the fourth act, the soldiers, townspeople, and children were crying, moaning and showed signs of suffering. In conclusion, these overall actions of the characters portrayed the mood change over the course of the film, thus emphasizing the fact that Macbeth had brought poverty, sorrow and horror to Scotland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cinematography enforced the mood, drama, and plot. The use of color in the film was telltale of the mood. The colors were drab, lifeless, mellow colors. These colors were telltale signs of the setting and mood of the play. The setting was in a sorrowful, dirty, suffering country; the mood was sorrowful and suffering as well.

The Doors :: essays research papers

Poet William Blake once said "If The Doors of perception were cleansed, everything would appear to man as it is, infinite" (Gilmore 34). From this quote arose a band that even over 20 years after its disbanding still is played and remembered. The Doors started as a little garage band in California back in the early sixties. They were extremely popular due to their lead singer, Jim Morrison. Morrison himself was a real character. Morrison is considered by many critics a modern day poet. Others view him in a different light, George Will wrote "Morrison resembled Byron in one aspect, they both were mad, bad, and dangerous to know" (Will 64). Still others view him as a hero of the 'counterculture'. He was a sort of 'Peter Pan', one of those boys who never grew up. Morrison basically was The Doors. His blatant disregard for law and order made him a very well known figure. He was arrested on a few occasions for charges ranging from inciting riots to indecent exposure. He was also notorious for his drug use and alcohol abuse. His poetry though, justified his lifestyle. There were also three other members of the band: Ray Manzarak (keyboards), John Densmore (drummer), and Robby Krieger (guitarist). They all made up The Doors, but after the death of the lead singer Jim Morrison, the band's popularity dropped significantly. They did though produce three albums after Morrison's untimely demise (all of which were not very popular). Jim Morrison died on July 4th, 1971, in Paris, France. He was 27 years old at the time of death (the same age Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin died at also). He was found in his bathtub with a cute smirk on his face. He had finally "broke through to the other side"(Gilmore 35). The Doors were known for their style of rebellious, psychedelic rock. Their music is poetry (written by Jim Morrison) set to music. Morrison also had many books published just of his poetry. Although not all of The Doors music was written by Morrison, ninety percent of it was. The band was considered a guru by the youngsters of the sixties, and a scourge by the public. The band seemed to fuse music, drugs, and idealism as a way to reform and even redeem a troubled society (Gilmore 34). They were much like the other bands that were emerging in the sixties, but different in one major way.

Historical context of 1984 †George Orwell Essay

George Orwells 1984 is one of the most important pieces of political fiction; it is a timeless political satire that demands to be read to be truly appreciated. Published in 1948, and set 36 years into the future, 1984 eerily depicts where the world is going, where the truth is shunted and lies are promoted by all mainstream media. Perhaps one of the most powerful science fiction novels of the twentieth century, this apocalyptic satire shows with grim conviction how the protagonist Winston Smiths individual personality is wiped and how he is recreated in the Partys image until he does not just obey but loves Big Brother. Some critics have related Winston Smiths suffering to those Orwell underwent before the writing of 1984. Orwell maintained the idea that the novel was written with the intention to alter other peoples ideas about the society they should strive after. But perhaps, to truly understand the concepts explored and the purpose it was written, we should first consider the historical context of the novel, the period leading up to the writing of 1984 in order to answer just what kind of book he was writing. One of the things that make 1984 such an important work of political fiction is the fact that it was written in a period of unprecedented political instability. It was the end of the worlds great imperial powers and the rise of a new age of politics. Democracy, fascism and communism were vying for dominance and the outcome of their struggle could not be predicted. Most people at the time were content to read 1984 as a straightforward allegory of the about the melancholy fate of the Russian revolution. From the minute Big Brothers moustache appears in the second page of the book, people were immediately reminded of Stalin just as how the despised part heretic Emmanuel Goldstein is like Trotsky. This however did not prevent the novel being marketed in the US as an anticommunist tract. Written in 1948, 1984 arrived in the Mccarthy period where communism was seen as a worldwide menace. The Korean War (1950-53) would soon follow and highlighted the alleged communist practice of ideological enforcement through brainwashing. That something very much like brainwashing happens in  1984, in lengthy and terrifying detail, to its hero, Winston Smith, did not surprise those readers determined to take the novel as a simple condemnation of Stalinist atrocity. This however was not Orwells intention. Though 1984 gave comfort to generations of anti communist ideologues, its main purpose was to condemn the ill effects of totalitarianism. But to understand what fueled his hatred of totalitarian regimes we must first consider the life George Orwell led and the world at that time. George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair, in India 1903 into a middle class family. The name George Orwell was a pseudonym that he wrote his novels under. He was the son of a British civil servant and was brought to England as a toddler. The boy became aware of the clear class distinctions while attending St Cyprians preparatory school in Sussex where he received a fine education but felt out of place. He was often humiliated and looked down on as he was not from a wealthy family like the others. This experience made him sensitive to the cruelty of social arrogance. As a partial scholarship student whose parents could not afford to pay for his scholarship, Orwell was often reminded of his lowly economic status by the school administrators. Conditions improved at Eton where he studied next with Aldous Huxley as his French tutor. Later, Orwell wrote of being relatively happy at Eton as the school allowed students much independence. But instead of continuing his university classes, in 1922 Orwell joined the Indian imperial police. Stationed in Burma, his class consciousness intensified as he served as one of the hated policemen enforcing British control of the native population. He was troubled by the caste and racial barriers that had prevented him from getting to know a wider cross-section of the people there. Disgusted at his role as an imperialist; he returned to England in 1927 and resigned his position. Orwell planned to become a writer, a profession which he had originally not shown much interest in. Perhaps, to erase the guilt from his colonial experiences, he chose to live among the poor of London, and later in Paris.  His own life provide the material for his first book published in 1933 Down and out in Paris and London which was based on his time living in those two cities with social criticism. The pseudonym George Orwell was used so his parents would not be shocked by the horrific living conditions described in the book. Subsequent novels contained autobiographical references and served as vehicles for Orwell to explore his growing political convictions. In 1936, Orwell traveled to Barcelona to write about the Spanish civil war but ended up joining the battle, fighting against Spanish Leader Francisco Franco and his Nazi supported fascists on the side of the Republicans, supporting the socialist left. There he had quickly learned the difference between real and phony antifascism. Orwell said: ‘This fascism †¦ somebody’s got to stop it’. To Orwell, liberty and democracy went together, guaranteeing, among other things, the freedom of the artist; the present capitalist civilization was corrupt, but fascism would be morally calamitous. It was the Spanish Civil War that played the most important part in defining his socialism. Having witnessed the success of the anarcho-syndicalist communities, and the following brutal suppression of the revolutionaries by the Soviet-backed Communists, Orwell returned from Catalonia a staunch anti-Stalinist and joined the Independent Labour Party. The Spanish war and other events in 1936-7, he wrote 10 years later, turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I know it. His experiences in the Spanish civil war especially arrow escape during a Communist purge in Barcelona made him a lifelong anti-stalinist and a strong believer in democratic socialism, socialism with free elections. In the novel, Winston Smiths job at the ministry of truth consists of falsifying historical records in such a way to make the Party appear incapable of mistakes. This kind of systematic eradication was also present most notably in the Stalinist era in the 1930s. After Joseph Stalin rose to power, the names of the once honored leaders of the Russian revolution men like Leon Trotsky, Nikolai Bukharin, and Lev Kamenev were deleted from the  history books, their faces destroyed even on historical photographs. Articles written in encyclopedias were removed and new pages were written to replace those the subscribers had to cut out. But the Soviets were not the only one who engaged in such practices. The British government also undertook its own propaganda as well, in which Orwell was an unintentional participant. From 1939-41, Stalin was portrayed as villain who had sacrificed Poland by signing a non aggression pact with Germanys Adolf Hitler. But on the day Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, Stalin was instantly remade into a friend of Britain. In the British Broadcasting corporation (BBC) which stressed the fortitude of the Russian people and the bravery of the red army. Orwell had worked for the BBC at the time Stalin was made a celebrity. Orwells satirical novel Animal Farm which condemned was rejected by publishers. It was only after World War II, when Stalin was no longer an ally, was his book finally published. In Orwells fictional Oceania, radio broadcasts consists of special announcements of victories and large doses of martial music. This bears a similar resemblance to the successful tactics used by Germanys minister of propaganda under Hitler, joesph Goebbels. Also, Orwells concept of Newspeak, a critical element of degrading the society in 1984, bore a similar resemblance Goebbels’s Sprachregelung (â€Å"language manipulation†). In Sprachregelung, for example, Churchill was referred to by officials as â€Å"that brandy-sodden alcoholic Winston Churchill,† and Roosevelt â€Å"that syphilitic degenerate Roosevelt†. The media’s manipulation of the masses in Nineteen Eighty-Four, then, is drawn not only from Soviet and Nazi propaganda tactics, but also from Orwell’s own experiences as a propagandist in the BBC’s English-language service to India as well. In 1984, the world is subdivided into three great powers, Oceania(united states), Eurasia(Europe and Russia) and Eastasia (china and south east Asia) . This scenario is the same as the actual political alignment that followed WWII. At a conference in the city of Tehran 1943, Roosevelt, Stalin< Churchill met to discuss postwar occupation and demilitarization of Germany. At this meeting it was decided that a secret Allied assault on German  occupied France would take place in 1944. This would cause Germany to fight a war on two fronts both east and west. This was the strategy that would win the war in next 18 months and also allowed the total soviet domination of Eastern Europe. By the time the leaders met again in 1945 at the Yalta conference, Stalin had driven the Nazi forces back and taken control of Eastern Europe. In 1948, when 1984 had been published, World War II had just ended. One of Englands allies was Russia, ruled by the repressive dictator Joseph Stalin. Stalin had launched an economic system in the Soviet Union where he had forced rapid industrialization of the large rural country. While the Soviet Union and its empire had transformed from an agrarian economy to an industrial powerhouse in a short span of time, millions of people died from hardships and famine that occurred as a result of the severe economic turmoil and party policies. During the continued repressions in the country under Stalin millions of people who were a threat to the Soviet politics or suspected of being such a threat were executed or exiled to Gulag labor camps in remote areas of Siberia or Central Asia much like how the citizens of 1984 were vaporized. A number of ethnic groups in Russia were forcibly exiled for political reasons. Orwell seems to have been particularly annoyed with the widespread allegiance to Stalinism. The Communist Party under Stalin, he felt, were movements agreeing to fight for the working classes against capitalism, but in reality concerned only with establishing and perpetuating their own power. The masses were only there to be used for their idealism, their class resentments, and their willingness to work cheap. Fearful that the Soviets would impose a totalitarian political system on the vast area the soviets occupied, Roosevelt and Churchill pressed Stalin to establish governments through free elections. He conceded but did not allow international supervision of these elections. In the decade following the wars end, a ravaged Europe became the battleground for the two ideologies of communism and capitalism, and nowhere was their inability to agree more  evident than in the political division of Berlin. It was also at Yalta where the leaders set up the United Nations to maintain peace and security. But this coalition had little effect in preventing the growing tension between the US and the Soviets as they both tried to become the leading superpower. The ongoing ideological clash between these nations came to be known as the Cold War. The third great power to emerge after the war was the Peoples Republic of China. Communists captured power from the Nationalists in 1949 and established the People’s Republic of China, totalitarianism again appeared in the newly formed communist state although its appearance seems less indicative of communist ideology than a long history of despotic rulers in both Russia and China. Mao and his lieutenants manipulated all organs of information for indoctrination purposes. Political education was accompanied by mass arrests and executions, forced labor, and the liquidation of anticommunist opponents. Political opponents were rehabilitated rather than eliminated, and often permitted to return to positions of responsibility. The fact that the majority of these events, which are strikingly similar to those recounted in Nineteen Eighty-Four, occurred after the publication of the book is a testament to the novel’s prescience. Other dictators of the time included Benito Mussolini of Italy. These dictators controlled citizens through propaganda and violence. These state of affairs prompted Orwell to create Big Brother, the ultimate totalitarian leader who dominates political, social, and economic activities. Orwell was also concerned about an important invention that came into place after WWII and would eventually become a dominant force in Western culture: the television. Television first appeared in America in 1939 at the New York Worlds Fair. Its popularity continued to grow and today most households in America owned at least one colour television set. Orwell recognized the potential and the influence it can have of this communication tool which eventually everyone would own. He imagined that the television would broadcast propaganda non stop and eventually allow the broadcaster to spy on  the viewers hence the reason for establishing the telescreens in 1984. Political tragedies, such as this, are published constantly, but 1984 is one of the few that has remained timeless and will always be regarded as not only historical, but also prophetic. The book reminds us of what has gone wrong, what can go wrong, and what will go wrong when government becomes all-powerful. It is because of this political and social insight that 1984 is one of the best books of all time. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.wikipeia.org- Spanish civil war-cold war-George Orwell-Joseph Stalin-Mao tse Tungwww.bartleby.com/65/to/totalita.htmwww.britannica.com/eb/article-9073017/totalitarianismww.answers.comhttp://www.liferesearchuniversal.com/introduction.htmlhttp://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/scw/scw.htmwww.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade50.htmlbooks.google.com.au/bookswww.online-literature.com/orwell/www.george-orwell.org/www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/col-totalitarianism.htmFinding George Orwell in Burma by Emma Larkin1984 by George Orwell (foreword by Thomas Pynchon) 2003 editionLiterature and its times by joyce moss